Overview of integrated strategies and molecular advances in managing okra yellow vein mosaic virus

Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) is recognized as a key threat to okra crops in tropical and subtropical regions. This review has critically studied epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and management strategies related to OYVMV. The complicated interactions between the virus, its vector (Bemisia tabaci), and the okra plants have been discussed. It demonstrated that these interactions collectively influence disease severity and spread of OYVMV. Traditional control measures, including cultural practices, chemical applications, and biological control, alongside emerging molecular approaches such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, RNA interference, and marker-assisted breeding, have an important influence on the study and management of OYVMV. Challenges posed by evolving viral strains, insecticide resistance, and environmental factors analysis integrated with conventional management practices with advanced biotechnological interventions provide a comprehensive framework to guide future research and to achieve sustainable control of OYVMV in okra.