Sustainable agriculture and food security are becoming global issues. Animal feed quality effects livestock production, thus improving it benefits. Adequate nutrition assessment of these feedstuffs is required to solve the issue. Worldwide, several methods are used with differing degrees of efficiency, scope, and accuracy. Proximate analysis and digestibility tests were frequently utilized to determine the nutritional value of cereals and forages. On the other hand, NIRS and enzyme-based tests were advanced. NIRS were applied for innovative feedstuff, insect proteins and algae. Similarly, enzyme-based tests give extensive knowledge but are difficult for standardization across species. This review focuses on applying traditional and advanced emerging technologies to evaluate feedstuffs' nutritional content and digestibility, particularly for ruminants. The growing use of novel feed ingredients emphasizes the need for adapting and standardizing these methods to ensure accurate evaluation. This review outlines the current state of laboratory techniques for assessing feedstuffs, identifies gaps in their application, and proposes future directions for integrating these methods into sustainable livestock systems. Refining and standardizing these techniques can improve feed efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and support the development of more sustainable animal production practices.

Globally, the poultry sector plays a significant role in addressing food security and sustainability by providing a useful source of protein for billions of people. In modern chicken farming, proper nutrition is critical to maintaining optimum health, growth, and output. Proper feeding regimens that provide the birds with the nutrients they require based on their type, age, and stage of development are critical to improving efficiency and sustainability. The review concluded that using organic acids and exogenous enzymes as feed additives improves nutrient utilization and efficiency. Organic acids, such as formic and propionic acids, are useful in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli in the stomach by maintaining an acidic environment. This acidic environment also promotes the existence of older, healthier gut bacteria, which aids in the absorption and digestion of food. As a result, the birds' gut condition improves, and they have fewer intestinal ailments, resulting in higher performance. Exogenous enzymes exist in non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) such as phytate, xylan, and β-mannan. They improve nutrient energy intake in animal bodies by changing the structures of non-carbohydrate parts of the feed. Furthermore, phytase reduces the need for inorganic phosphorus supplementation in feeds by hydrolyzing phytates that bind phosphorus. Furthermore, xylanase and mannase enzymes improve energy assimilation, reducing food waste as these two plant cell wall-wasting components are digested. Moreover, the use of these feed additives in chicken production contributes to the aims of sustainable agriculture by improving resource utilization and reducing the environmental effect of poultry farming. Innovation in feed techniques, such as using organic acids and exogenous enzymes, will help the global poultry business survive.

The current study was conducted to check the influence of different dietary treatments on growth performance and immunological feedback in sexed broilers. A total of 600 day-old chicks, obtained from a private hatchery, were assigned to 12 treatments (randomly) in a 3 (sex rearing) × 4 (feeding regimes) factorial setting under a CRD. The treatments comprised three sex-rearing techniques (i.e., male, female, and straight run) and four feeding protocols (standard, higher-density, NRC, and soya-corn). Each dietary treatment was replicated five times, with ten birds per replica. Parameters including feed intake (FI), live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and Newcastle disease (ND) titer were evaluated. The collected data was tested while using the ANOVA inside factorial setups. The results showed an enhanced feed conversion ratio in males and straight-run individuals compared to females. The higher-density diet demonstrated increased body weight, improved FCR, and enhanced antibody titer against ND. The introduction of a high-density feed and the individual raising of males yielded optimal profit. Providing a higher density diet may lead to improved performance of broilers, resulting in enhanced profitability.